![]() Texts of several lines are usually written in boustrophedon style. In general, relief inscriptions prefer monumental forms, and incised ones prefer the linear form, but the styles are in principle interchangeable. Other than the fact that the phonetic glyphs form a syllabary rather than indicating only consonants, this system is analogous to the system of Egyptian hieroglyphs.Ī more elaborate monumental style is distinguished from more abstract linear or cursive forms of the script. Words may be written logographically, phonetically, mixed (that is, a logogram with a phonetic complement), and may be preceded by a determinative. Some signs are dedicated to one use or another, but many are flexible. A large number of these are ambiguous as to whether the vowel is a or i. Most represent CV syllables, though there are a few disyllabic signs. The number of phonographic signs is limited. Museum of the Ancient Orient, IstanbulĪs in Egyptian, characters may be logographic or phonographic-that is, they may be used to represent words or sounds. Slab with Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions mentioning the activities of king Urhilina and his son. There was occasionally some use of Anatolian hieroglyphs to write foreign material like Hurrian theonyms, or glosses in Urartian (such as á – ḫá+ra – ku for aqarqi or tu – ru – za for ṭerusi, two units of measurement). For example, the sign which has the form of a "taking" or "grasping" hand has the value /ta/, which is precisely the Hittite word ta-/da- "to take," in contrast with the Luwian cognate of the same meaning which is la. While almost all the preserved texts employing Anatolian hieroglyphs are written in the Luwian language, some features of the script suggest its earliest development within a bilingual Hittite-Luwian environment. In the early 7th century BC, the Luwian hieroglyphic script, by then aged some 700 years, was marginalized by competing alphabetic scripts and fell into oblivion. After some two centuries of sparse material, the hieroglyphs resume in the Early Iron Age, ca. The first inscriptions confirmed as Luwian date to the Late Bronze Age, ca. Most actual texts are found as monumental inscriptions in stone, though a few documents have survived on lead strips. The earliest examples occur on personal seals, but these consist only of names, titles, and auspicious signs, and it is not certain that they represent language. A biconvex bronze personal seal was found in the Troy VIIb level (later half of the 12th century BC) inscribed with Luwian Hieroglyphs. Individual Anatolian hieroglyphs are attested from the second and early first millennia BC across Anatolia and into modern Syria. This famous bilingual inscription provided the first clues for deciphering Anatolian hieroglyphs. The inscription, repeated in cuneiform around the rim, gives the seal owner's name: the ruler Tarkasnawa of Mira. Thick lines represent the most finds Anatolian hieroglyphs surround a figure in royal dress. ![]() History Geographical distribution of Anatolian hieroglyphs. There is no demonstrable connection to Hittite cuneiform. They are typologically similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs, but do not derive graphically from that script, and they are not known to have played the sacred role of hieroglyphs in Egypt. ![]() They were once commonly known as Hittite hieroglyphs, but the language they encode proved to be Luwian, not Hittite, and the term Luwian hieroglyphs is used in English publications. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.Īnatolian hieroglyphs are an indigenous logographic script native to central Anatolia, consisting of some 500 signs. ![]() For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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